| “带押过户”主体权利配置的规范分析 |
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| 引用本文：唐钟书，蒋悟真.“带押过户”主体权利配置的规范分析[J].财经理论与实践,2025,(4):143-151 |
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| 中文摘要:相较于旧法，《民法典》第406条对物之自由流通的保护力度更甚。然而，作为建立在《民法典》第406条上的制度，“带押过户”制度实践并未完全脱离旧制度惯性影响，存在可完善的空间。依“带押过户”三方主体视角，就抵押人而言，应达至保障其自由处分权之目的。就抵押权人而言，不宜在“带押过户”办理流程中参与过多甚至影响二手房转让，其追及权的行使不包含实现旧有抵押权从而提前清偿之义，应当允许新旧抵押权并存。同时，406条所规定之提前清偿请求权应被视作抵押权人的保全权，可与追及权同时适用。就买受人而言，其具备权利瑕疵担保权，且应当承认与买受人及其贷款银行等有合法利益的第三人具有随时代替清偿消灭旧抵押权的权利。最后，超越法定权利安排，禁止转让特约不应具备登记能力，应当从功能主义的视角审慎处理禁止转让特约已登记情形下二手房转让的效力问题。 |
| 中文关键词:不动产抵押物转让 带押过户 抵押权 禁止转让特约 |
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| Normative Analysis of Entitlement Configuration in Mortgaged Real Estate Transfer |
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| Abstract:Compared with previous laws, Article 406 of the Civil Code demonstrates stronger protection for the free circulation of property. However, as an institution built upon this article, the practice of “transfer with mortgage” has not completely shaken off the inertia of the old system, leaving room for improvement. From the tripartite perspective of this mechanism: For mortgagors, the system should achieve the purpose of safeguarding their free disposition rights. For mortgagees, their excessive involvement in the transfer process should be avoided to prevent interference with secondary housing transactions. The exercise of their right of recourse does not imply realizing the original mortgage for early repayment, and the coexistence of old and new mortgages should be permitted. Meanwhile, the early repayment claim stipulated in Article 406 should be construed as the mortgagee’s preservation right, applicable concurrently with the right of recourse. For buyers, they possess the right to warranty against defects in title. Third parties with legitimate interests (e.g., buyers’ lending banks) should be recognized as having the right to extinguish the original mortgage through substitute repayment. Beyond statutory rights arrangements, contractual prohibitions on transfers should not be registrable. The validity of transferred properties with registered prohibition clauses requires cautious functionalist analysis. |
| keywords:transfer of mortgaged real estate transfer with mortgage mortgage rights contractual prohibition on transfer |
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