竞争者作为行政行为第三人的诉讼适格——基于公平竞争权与利害关系的分析

刘珊1; 黄卉2

竞争者作为行政行为第三人的诉讼适格——基于公平竞争权与利害关系的分析

引用本文：刘珊1，黄卉2.竞争者作为行政行为第三人的诉讼适格——基于公平竞争权与利害关系的分析[J].财经理论与实践,2025,(3):155-160

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作者	单位
刘珊1，黄卉2	（1.上海交通大学凯原法学院，上海 200030； 2.北京大学国际法学院，深圳 518071）

中文摘要:政府的市场监管行为可能改变市场竞争格局，而诉讼是竞争者实现市场救济权的重要途径。竞争者有无诉权取决于其与行政行为是否具有利害关系，即其公平竞争权因行政行为受损。美国法的“利益区间”分析方法与我国“利害关系”审查具有相似内涵。同时，美国裁判法理在解释“利益区间”以认定竞争者诉讼资格范围时，发展出两种解释路径，并提炼了三种具体解释基准，可为解决我国“公平竞争权人”认定的实践难题提供借鉴。本文在借鉴上述经验的基础上，为我国的“利害关系”判断构建出解释的四要素模型，以平衡市场公平竞争秩序的维护与司法资源的合理配置。

中文关键词:竞争者诉讼公平竞争权利害关系利益区间市场救济权利

A Study on Competitors’ Right to Market Relief in the Economic Sphere: Considerations on Standing Based on the Right to Fair Competition

Abstract:Governmental regulation of markets can significantly influence the dynamics of market competition, and litigation serves as a critical mechanism for competitors to seek market relief. The entitlement of a competitor to judicial relief hinges on whether the competitor, based on the right to fair competition, holds a legally recognized interest in the contested administrative action. The “zone of interests” test under U.S. law shares substantive similarities with the “interest relationship” review standard in Chinese law. Moreover, the interpretative approach to the “zone of interests” doctrine in U.S. judicial decisions provides an effective means to exclude competitors outside the scope of legal protection, thereby offering a clearer framework for identifying rightful holders of fair competition interests. This standard demonstrates a high degree of flexibility and scientific rigor in safeguarding fair competition in the market and balancing public and private interests.

keywords:right to market relief competitor lawsuits right to fair competition legally protected interest zone of interests

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