农村电商对农业全要素生产率的影响研究——基于电子商务进农村综合示范政策考察

王萍萍1; 曹芷畅2; 黄卓3; 刘章磊4

农村电商对农业全要素生产率的影响研究——基于电子商务进农村综合示范政策考察

引用本文：王萍萍1，曹芷畅2，黄卓3，刘章磊4.农村电商对农业全要素生产率的影响研究——基于电子商务进农村综合示范政策考察[J].财经理论与实践,2025,(3):125-132

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作者	单位
王萍萍1，曹芷畅2，黄卓3，刘章磊4	（1.中国农业大学国际学院，北京 100083； 2.中国农业大学经济管理学院，北京 100083；3.北京大学国家发展研究院，北京 100871； 4.上海大学 MBA教育管理中心，上海 200444）

中文摘要:农业全要素生产率是衡量农业高质量发展的核心指标，而农村电子商务的兴起为突破传统农业生产效率瓶颈提供了新路径。为此，基于2010—2020年县级面板数据，以电子商务进农村综合示范政策作为准自然实验，构建交叠双重差分（DID）模型，系统评估该政策对农业全要素生产率的影响。结果表明：电子商务进农村综合示范政策的实施显著提升了农业全要素生产率，并在一系列稳健性检验后依然成立；机制分析揭示政策通过“收入增长-剩余劳动力转移”“产业集聚”及“高标准生产”三条路径提升农业全要素生产率；并且该政策的影响具有明显的区域异质性，在中西部、贫困县及农业强县更为显著，凸显其对欠发达地区的包容性驱动作用。基于此，应持续推进电子商务进农村综合示范政策，加强农村数字基础设施建设，并针对欠发达地区提供更具针对性的政策支持，以充分发挥电子商务在农业高质量发展中的驱动作用。

中文关键词:农村电商农业全要素生产率交叠双重差分模型

The Impact of Rural E-commerce on Agricultural Total Factor Productivity—An Examination Based on the E-Commerce Into Areas Comprehensive Demonstration Policy

Abstract:Agricultural total factor productivity (TFP) is a core indicator for measuring high-quality agricultural development, and the rise of rural e-commerce provides a new pathway to overcoming the efficiency bottlenecks of traditional agriculture. Based on county-level panel data from 2010 to 2020, this study employs the E-commerce into Rural Areas Comprehensive Demonstration Policy as a quasi-natural experiment and constructs a staggered difference-in-differences (DID) model to systematically evaluate the policy’s impact on agricultural TFP. The results indicate that the implementation of the policy significantly enhances agricultural TFP, and this effect remains robust across various robustness tests; mechanism analysis reveals that the policy boosts agricultural TFP through three primary channels:income growth and surplus labor transfer, industrial agglomeration, and high-standard production; the policy’s impact exhibits significant regional heterogeneity, being more pronounced in the central and western regions, poverty-stricken counties, and agriculturally strong counties, highlighting its inclusive driving effect on underdeveloped areas. Based on these findings, this study suggests continuing the promotion of the E-commerce into Rural Areas Comprehensive Demonstration Policy, strengthening rural digital infrastructure, and providing more targeted policy support for impoverished and underdeveloped regions to fully leverage e-commerce as a driver of high-quality agricultural development.

keywords:rural e-commerce agricultural total factor productivity staggered difference-in-differences model

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